Nairobi · Built environment

Land.
Inspect parcels, tenure and land use.

Inspect land use, zoning, tenure and servicing context before considering the limits of synthetic parcel values.

Public sample available

Read certification →Read evidence →Read audit findings →

← Back to Nairobi certification records

Published domain facts

Land Parcels, Nairobi: 200,000
Nairobi Titled (Freehold + Leasehold): 52.5%
Land Tax Bills: 3,637,346
Structural Checks Pass, Nairobi (1 N/A): 9 / 10

Overview

Domain scope

Inspect land use, zoning, tenure and servicing context before considering the limits of synthetic parcel values.

Read the published guide →

Public sample access

Public sample available

Preview samples & fields →

Known limits

Locations are ward-level, without parcel geometry. Nairobi dispute risk is not asserted. Subdivision, consolidation and acquisition events remain unpopulated. The earlier encumbrance issue was corrected. Synthetic titles, risks and values are analytical characteristics, not legal facts about real property.

Review the source limits →

Full scope reference 2 documented sections

Published domain scope.

Inspect synthetic parcels, tenure, title status, land use and values. Shared geography supplies context for housing, construction and business analysis.

Compare land use and zoning
Inspect title and servicing status
Review parcel size and valuation fields

Land Parcels, Nairobi: 200,000
Nairobi Titled (Freehold + Leasehold): 52.5%
Land Tax Bills: 3,637,346
Structural Checks Pass, Nairobi (1 N/A): 9 / 10

Domain scope.

Inspect the published scope and deployment boundaries.

Read the published detail

FCTE models land as more than location — every Parcel carries a supported tenure, title status, land use, market value and (where the evidence supports it) a dispute-risk profile, inside the same connected City Twin™ as Housing , Construction and Households.

Land provides the spatial and economic foundation beneath housing, construction and business activity. Those domains can be analyzed against shared parcel and geography context; the physical relationship graph is controlled.

Nairobi City Twin™ · 1940–2026

Housing

Samples & fields

Published sample records.

Free parcel sample · rows and field definitions

Free parcel sample

Parcel code	Ward name	Land use type	Owner category	Title status	Plot area (m²)	Estimated market value (local)	Ownership history recorded
PCL/0150731	Mihang'o	Residential	Business	Freehold	1859.00	28333480.03	Yes
PCL/0180271	Waithaka	Residential	Business	Freehold	76.00	1707236.64	Yes
PCL/0136631	Gatina	Residential	Business	Freehold	1875.00	22106730.94	Yes

Showing 3 of 100 sample rows and 8 of 57 fields. “Not recorded” is a display label; downloads retain original values.

Published field definitions · 8 visible fields

Parcel code

Parcel code as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.

Original field: ParcelCode
Example: PCL/0150731

Ward name

Ward name as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.

Original field: WardName
Example: Mihang'o

Land use type

The category or type assigned to the land use in the source record.

Original field: LandUseType
Example: Residential

Owner category

Individual, Business or Government, exactly as supplied.

Original field: OwnerCategory
Example: Business

Title status

The state recorded for the title in this extract.

Original field: TitleStatus
Example: Freehold

Plot area (m²)

The land parcel’s recorded area, in square metres.

Original field: PlotSizeSqM
Example: 1859.00

Estimated market value (local)

The modelled market value recorded for the parcel, in local currency.

Original field: MarketValueLocal
Example: 28333480.03

Ownership history recorded

Whether ownership history is recorded. Latest transaction fields describe the latest supplied record, not a complete history.

Original field: HasOwnershipHistory
Example: Yes

CSV ↓JSON ↓PARQUET ↓Field guide CSV ↓Field guide JSON ↓Inspect the dataset →

Complete published field dictionary · 58 fields

SampleIdSample reference: Sample reference as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: 66
DatasetGrainDataset grain: Dataset grain as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: Parcel
ParcelIdParcel reference: The reference used to identify the parcel associated with this record.Example: 150037
ParcelCodeParcel code: Parcel code as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: PCL/0150731
SnapshotDateSnapshot date: Original reference date. Retained in downloads and excluded from displayed columns.Example: 2026-07-02
WardIdWard reference: The reference used to identify the ward associated with this record.Example: 61
WardNameWard name: Ward name as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: Mihang'o
WardIncomeMultiplierWard income multiplier: Ward income multiplier as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: 0.85
WardInformalSectorRateWard informal sector rate: Ward informal sector rate as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: 0.45
LandUseTypeLand use type: The category or type assigned to the land use in the source record.Example: Residential
ZoningCodeZoning code: The published code identifying the zoning. Codes are retained as supplied in the source.Example: ZR2
PlotSizeSqMPlot area (m²): The land parcel’s recorded area, in square metres.Example: 1859.00
OwnerCategoryOwner category: Individual, Business or Government, exactly as supplied.Example: Business
TitleStatusTitle status: The state recorded for the title in this extract.Example: Freehold
TitleNumberTitle number: Title number as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: LR/NBI/0150731
IsServicedIs serviced: Whether the parcel is recorded as having services in the source data.Example: 1
IsEncumberedIs encumbered: Whether the parcel has an encumbrance flag in the source record.Example: 0
MarketValueLocalEstimated market value (local): The modelled market value recorded for the parcel, in local currency.Example: 28333480.03
AcquisitionDateAcquisition date: Recorded acquisition date for the parcel. It is not necessarily the current owner’s acquisition date.Example: 2006-09-23
OwnerLinkTypeOwner link type: Source classification of the owner association. Beneficial and Direct links differ; None and BusinessNoCitizen do not supply a resident owner.Example: Beneficial
ResolvedOwnerCitizenIdResolved owner resident reference: Resident identifier supplied for a resolved owner. This download does not verify joins to a separate citizen table.Example: 1934942
OwningBusinessIdOwning business reference: Owning business reference as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: 190045
OwningBusinessNameOwning business name: Owning business name as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: Kawangware Trading
OwningBusinessSectorCodeOwning business sector code: Owning business sector code as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: RETAIL
OwningBusinessSizeOwning business size: Owning business size as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: MICRO
OwningBusinessIsActiveOwning business is active: Owning business is active as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: 0
OwnerFullNameOwner full name: Owner full name as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: Nakhisa Namukhula Makokha
OwnerDOBOwner date of birth: Owner date of birth as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: 1977-08-17
OwnerAgeOwner age: Owner age as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: 48
OwnerGenderOwner gender: Owner gender as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: F
OwnerEthnicGroupIdOwner ethnic group reference: Owner ethnic group reference as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: 2
OwnerEthnicGroupOwner ethnic group: Owner ethnic group as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: Luhya
OwnerRegistrationDateOwner registration date: Owner registration date as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: 1997-05-26
OwnerResidencyStatusOwner residency status: Owner residency status as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: Resident
OwnerIsCurrentlyPhysicallyResidentOwner is currently physically resident: Owner is currently physically resident as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: 1
OwnerIsDeceasedOwner is deceased: Owner is deceased as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: 0
OwnerDeathDateOwner death date: Owner death date as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: Not recorded
OwnerResidenceWardIdOwner residence ward reference: Owner residence ward reference as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: 72
OwnerResidenceWardNameOwner residence ward name: Owner residence ward name as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: Eastleigh North
SameWardAsResidenceSame ward as owner residence: Same ward as owner residence as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: 0
OwnerHouseholdIdOwner household reference: Owner household reference as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: 1377905
OwnerHouseholdTypeOwner household type: Owner household type as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: Extended
OwnerHouseholdRoleOwner household role: Owner household role as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: Head
OwnerIsHouseholdHeadOwner is household head: Owner is household head as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: 1
OwnerHouseholdSizeOwner household size: Owner household size as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: 4
HasOwnershipHistoryOwnership history recorded: Whether ownership history is recorded. Latest transaction fields describe the latest supplied record, not a complete history.Example: 1
LatestTransactionDateLatest transaction date: Date of the latest supplied transaction. This is a snapshot sample, not an interactive longitudinal extract.Example: 1996-05-08
LatestTransferReasonLatest transfer reason: Latest transfer reason as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: Inheritance
LatestTransactionCategoryLatest transaction category: Latest transaction category as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: Inheritance
LatestTransferValueLocalLatest transfer value local: Latest transfer value local as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: 27412346.37
LatestTitleInstrumentLatest title instrument: Latest title instrument as supplied in the parcel extract. Missing values remain unfilled.Example: Certificate of Title
RichnessScoreRichness score: Source-provided richness score, preserved unchanged. It is not a FCTE quality rating.Example: 2
SampleCategoryCountSample category count: Original 3,750-row extract metadata, preserved unchanged. Do not use this value to reweight the selected 100-row demonstration sample.Example: 1250
CategoryPopulationCountCategory population count: Original 3,750-row extract metadata, preserved unchanged. Do not use this value to reweight the selected 100-row demonstration sample.Example: 60000
SampleCategorySharePctSample category share pct: Original 3,750-row extract metadata, preserved unchanged. Do not use this value to reweight the selected 100-row demonstration sample.Example: 33.3333
PopulationCategorySharePctPopulation category share pct: Original 3,750-row extract metadata, preserved unchanged. Do not use this value to reweight the selected 100-row demonstration sample.Example: 30.0000
CategoryReweightFactorCategory reweight factor: Original 3,750-row extract metadata, preserved unchanged. Do not use this value to reweight the selected 100-row demonstration sample.Example: 0.9000
SampleHashSource sample hash: Original source sample hash. The selection report supplies the download SHA256 separately.Example: 0x00418B00C02FF807B4612DDD12582EDB0DBF4C15B16C0F4CC5C301F0BF7D7D37

Download complete field guide JSON ↓

Additional records and schema context 1 documented sections

From city to ward to land.

Inspect the published definitions and release context.

Read the published detail

Representative public records illustrate land-use, tenure and value context. Physical identifiers, exact live counts and calibration mechanics are not published; these are not cadastral or legal property records.

Explore Land Data →

Public entity family	Represents	Disclosure boundary
Parcel context	Synthetic land unit, use and geography context	Physical parcel identifiers and geometry fields are controlled
Ownership & title	Ownership history and title-status context	Physical ownership keys and transition mechanics are controlled
Valuation & tax context	Longitudinal market-value and land-tax context	Exact index formulas and calibration parameters are controlled
Risk & dispute context	Encumbrance and dispute-risk context	Exact risk assignment rules are controlled

ParcelCode	LandUseType	TitleStatus	MarketValueLocal
NRB/016/00842	Residential	Freehold	KES 24,500,000
NRB/041/03110	Commercial	Leasehold	KES 61,200,000

Explore Land Data →

Connections

Known and possible relationships

Inspect the published definitions and release context.

Domain or context	Relationship and published scope
Ward placement	85 Nairobi wards
Citizen	Parcel (documented relationship, mutually exclusive with BusinessOwner)
Business	Parcel (documented relationship)
Housing	HousingUnit
Construction	Project
Finance	TaxAssessment (references Parcel; NO_ACTION, no cascade)
Infrastructure	planned. The current public release does not assert direct parcel-to-infrastructure-asset traversal
Insurance, Utilities and Transport	contextual comparison only; the current public release does not assert an enforced Parcel dependency

Full relationship reference 1 documented sections

Known and possible relationships.

Inspect the published definitions and release context.

Read the published detail

Connections follow the published domain scope. Optional, contextual and planned relationships retain their stated limits below.

Domain or context	Relationship and published scope
Ward placement	85 Nairobi wards
Citizen	Parcel (documented relationship, mutually exclusive with BusinessOwner)
Business	Parcel (documented relationship)
Housing	HousingUnit
Construction	Project
Finance	TaxAssessment (references Parcel; NO_ACTION, no cascade)
Infrastructure	planned. The current public release does not assert direct parcel-to-infrastructure-asset traversal
Insurance, Utilities and Transport	contextual comparison only; the current public release does not assert an enforced Parcel dependency

Housing Construction Taxation Business Finance Insurance Infrastructure Transport

Domain guide

Land · archived guide edition

Striped Donkey V5.89 - 7 September 2026

Counts, prices and “live/today” certification statements reflect this dated edition. They are not a current rerun or offer. The current scope, known limits and accepted quote take priority.

Published scope and limits

Read the source limits →

Open PDF ↗Download recorded guide ↓

Accessible HTML reference 3 documented sections

Modelled entities.

Explore the entities and states represented by this domain.

Read the published detail

FCTE Land represents the ground itself — a synthetic parcel's tenure, title, use, value and (where the evidence supports it) dispute risk — not a mapped cadastral survey. Every fact below is grounded in the deployed domain release and its certification evidence, not a marketing simplification.

Parcel: ParcelCode, WardId, PlotSizeSqM — 200,000 synthetic parcels across Nairobi, ward-keyed, not geo-coordinate-keyed.

A converged 10-value LandUseTypeCatalog (Residential, Commercial, Industrial, MixedUse, Public, Agricultural, Recreational, Institutional, Government, Wetland) shared by Nairobi.

Nairobi uses Kenya's title-status framing: Freehold, Leasehold, Informal, and Disputed. The release keeps that local legal vocabulary rather than forcing a generic cross-city taxonomy.

OwnershipTypeCatalog: Individual, Business, Government, Community — enforced directly by the data environment itself, tying ownership type to which owner field is populated.

Long-run market evidence, citywide value context and area-level calibration bands create a sourced longitudinal valuation context rather than a static parcel number.

DisputeRiskProfile provides a ward-keyed modeled risk signal for land-title and ownership-dispute analysis in Nairobi.

Synthetic by design: FCTE land records are analytical representations. They are not cadastral records, legal titles, property searches, or representations of actual land ownership. If a capability isn't in the data structure below, this page doesn't claim it exists.

Land models the underlying urban asset and its supported legal/economic characteristics. Housing models the household's relationship with a dwelling. These are not two names for the same table.

Domain	Core Question	Key Objects
Land	What land exists, and under what tenure?	Parcel, TitleStatus, OwnershipHistory, DisputeRiskProfile
Construction	What gets built on it?	Project, Permit, Inspection
Housing	Where does a household live?	HousingUnit, Tenancy, Occupancy
Households	Who lives there?	Head, Spouse, Children, Other members

Housing Households

Two land units in the same city can have very different realities.

Inspect the published definitions and release context.

Read the published detail

Established areas can carry formal tenure and premium market context without implying a real cadastral record.

Informal-tenure and servicing context can differ materially from established formal areas. Nairobi does not add a separate city-specific dispute-risk mechanism in this release.

Prevalence and servicing distributions are city-calibrated. Exact probability bands, locality coefficients and generation model weights are not public.

View Rule Documentation →

The public model distinguishes established formal areas, informal-tenure contexts and rapid-growth areas using evidence-backed categories. Exact ward-level weights and absence/baseline conventions are controlled.

Nairobi land context	Public treatment
Established formal tenure	Baseline / lower-risk context
Informal or uncertain tenure	Elevated tenure-risk context
Rapid-growth corridor	Growth context only; no separate dispute score
Disputed title state	Modeled as a title/tenure condition

View Rule Documentation →

Land value changes as the city changes.

Inspect the published definitions and release context.

Read the published detail

FCTE represents land-value change as a longitudinal index calibrated to available market evidence — not as a professional appraisal of any individual parcel. Public pages expose direction, period and evidence class while exact index formulas and locality multipliers remain controlled.

Nairobi land-rate and valuation-roll history provides fiscal context for longitudinal land analytics. Exact adjustment mechanics remain controlled.

Legal, planning and tenure evidence anchors the public land-status model.

Published market and historical evidence anchor direction and relative area context.

Open Land Evidence Catalogue →

Area context	Public value band	Basis
Established premium area	Premium	Observed market / qualitative evidence
Rapid-growth area	Growth-sensitive	Observed market direction
City baseline	Baseline	Citywide longitudinal context

Open Land Evidence Catalogue →

Evidence & limits

Scope and known limits

Evidence, findings and release history 2 documented sections

Known limits.

Read the published detail

Parcel carries a Ward link, not a latitude/longitude or polygon. Every "location" claim on this page is ward-level differentiation, not a mapped cadastral parcel — there is no interactive map because there is no real geospatial geometry behind it.

No separate Nairobi dispute-risk mechanism is asserted in this release. The model avoids inventing city parity where equivalent calibrated evidence and design are not present.

Subdivision, consolidation and compulsory-acquisition concepts are recognized in the public model, but the current synthetic ownership history does not yet represent those event types. Catalogue scope is not presented as evidence of populated behavior.

Kenya's citywide +425%-since-2000 figure is directly cited.

An earlier release showed an implausible encumbrance distribution. The release was corrected and retained as a disclosed, resolved issue; internal reconciliation mechanics are controlled.

No synthetic land unit corresponds to a real registered parcel, title or property unless explicitly documented otherwise. Title status, dispute risk and market value are all modeled analytical characteristics, not legal facts about any real place.

View All Land Limitations →

Does the synthetic land system resemble the city?

Inspect the published definitions and release context.

Read the published detail

Land is one of the cleanest domains in FCTE today — 10/10 structural checks and 7/7 realism checks pass in Nairobi, 0 FAIL, 0 WARN. That clean result took several real, disclosed bug fixes to reach (see Limitations for what's still out of scope, not what's broken).

Open Land Realism Report →

The full 10-check structural battery plus a 7-check realism battery run live against the Nairobi release. Kenya legitimately marks the initial-land-grant coverage check N/A rather than forcing a false PASS — Kenya's own land-transfer taxonomy has no "initial grant" reason at all, disclosed, not hidden.

10 structural checks run live in Nairobi, 0 FAIL. A separate 7-check realism suite passes fully — one realism check is informational (cross-city encumbrance parity), not a PASS/FAIL gate.

Explore Every Land Check →

certification check — resident/business owner reference integrity: 0 violations, Nairobi
certification check — no parcel has both owner types set: 0 violations, Nairobi
certification check — no parcel still owned by a deceased citizen: 0 violations, Nairobi

certification check — MarketValueLocal ≥ 0 where populated: 0 violations
certification check — land-tax bill amount > 0: 0 violations, Nairobi
certification check — value-affluence correlation: PASS, Nairobi

certification check — land-use mix non-degeneracy (≥4 distinct types, largest ≤70%): PASS, Nairobi
certification check — formal tenure serviced more than informal: PASS, Nairobi
certification check — InitialGrant coverage: N/A on Kenya (no such TransferReason)

certification check — ownership transaction date within epoch–NowDate: 0 violations, Nairobi
certification check — OwnershipHistory chronological consistency: 0 violations, Nairobi
certification check — ward coverage ≥95%: PASS, Nairobi

Open Land Realism Report →Explore Every Land Check →

Access & datasets

Scope your data request

Choose the records, dates and connected domains you need. Final availability, delivery scope and licensing are agreed with your quote.

Request this domain Browse datasets

Review rights and delivery

Read the terms for public previews and commercial orders before requesting your extract.

Licensing & rights →Delivery standard →

Published access and recorded examples 1 documented sections

Recorded example.

Published release reference · These recorded checks are not a current rerun.

Explore the supplied synthetic example and its source references.

Read the published detail

A real Commercial parcel, ZC1 zoning, 1,079 sqm — published on Nairobi.

Real OwnershipHistory rows: Citizen 2744067 held it by Inheritance from 2010-11-30, then Citizen 2744068 acquired it by Purchase on 2022-05-05 — two dated, real transfers on the same parcel.

Parcel value context changes with the city and area through time; exact adjustment mechanics are controlled.

project-to-land relationship and certification check relationship link real built stock back to this ground.

A household occupies the dwelling; citizens live their lives on top of what land made possible.

Land → Building → Home → Household → Citizen.

Available as Standalone Domain · Multi-Domain Bundle · Full City Twin™

Open Land Lifecycle Demo →Explore Nairobi city overview →Browse Nairobi certification records →See the Evidence →Review licensing & delivery details →Configure full-domain access →Browse Land Data →Explore Multi-Domain Access →

Contact SD for supporting artifacts →

Land.Inspect parcels, tenure and land use.

Overview

Domain scope

Public sample access

Known limits

Published domain scope.

Domain scope.

Samples & fields

Published sample records.

Free parcel sample

Parcel code

Ward name

Land use type

Owner category

Title status

Plot area (m²)

Estimated market value (local)

Ownership history recorded

From city to ward to land.

Connections

Known and possible relationships

Known and possible relationships.

Domain guide

Land · archived guide edition

Modelled entities.

Two land units in the same city can have very different realities.

Land value changes as the city changes.

Evidence & limits

Scope and known limits

Known limits.

Does the synthetic land system resemble the city?

Access & datasets

Scope your data request

Review rights and delivery

Recorded example.

Land.
Inspect parcels, tenure and land use.