Housing.
Explore housing, tenancy and rent over time.

FCTE models housing as the relationship between households , dwellings and place — connecting synthetic citizens to the homes they occupy, and preserving how that relationship changes through time. A household isn't generated once and left in one house forever: Tenancy rows open and close, rent gets paid and sometimes missed, inspections pass or fail, and — where the household itself dissolves — the housing record closes out too.

Housing type, tenure, occupancy and applicable residential conditions exist inside the same City Twin™ as households , land and construction — graduated to the shared engine Core on 2026-07-17, the sixth domain to graduate after demographics, health, land, hr and construction.

Nairobi City Twin™ · 1940–2026

Representative synthetic rows from the public housing model — categories and value bands illustrate the release without publishing the internal data structures. Explore the release-backed analysis-ready examples in City Twin™ for current data.

Explore Housing Data →

Connections follow the published domain scope. Optional, contextual and planned relationships retain their stated limits below.

FCTE Housing represents the dwelling a household occupies, under what tenure, in what condition, and how that relationship changes through time — one longitudinal tenancy span rather than one static address per household.

Synthetic housing-unit context represents dwelling form, location, capacity and construction-era attributes without publishing physical field layouts.

Two deliberately separate axes are modeled: EstateType captures structural/estate character (for example HIGH-RISE, GATED and INFORMAL-UPGRADE), while HousingType captures dwelling form such as bungalow, maisonette, apartment, bedsitter, single room and townhouse.

Occupancy and tenure connect households to housing units through time across rental, owner, family, social, cooperative and tenant-purchase contexts.

Inspection context represents structural, fire, sanitation, electrical, planning and routine checks with governed outcomes and a risk signal.

historical housing index perturbs generation against real historical events (Kenya's Rent Restriction Act, Affordable Housing Programme, Housing Levy); Eviction/RentPayment preserve chronology across repairs.

Housing can be analyzed alongside Construction and Land through shared project, parcel and geography context. The physical key layout is controlled.

Synthetic by design: FCTE housing units and occupancy relationships do not represent the residences of real people. They are generated from real, cited housing, tenure and dwelling-form evidence — not sampled from any real property register.

Households, Housing, Land and Construction are four separate real questions about the same physical place — not four names for the same table. A dwelling can change tenant, tenure or condition without its parcel or its construction history ever changing.

Household 1763681, Nairobi. Five real, published Tenancy rows on the same HousingUnitId (158866), 1985–2019, each starting the day the previous one ended — no gaps, no overlaps.

The first real, dated Tenancy row on this unit.

A single tenancy spanning nearly 29 years — the same household, the same unit.

Tenure type changed; the household and unit did not.

A brief social-tenure spell, one year.

Her current, live tenancy — the fifth real row on the same HousingUnitId, chronology-checked by H14/H16 with 0 violations.

Explore a Real Housing Record →

Post-generation integrity processes reconcile housing links, overlaps and chronology. Certification verifies the outcomes; exact repair sequence, matching rules and transaction logic are controlled.

Published housing, tenure, occupancy and dwelling-stock evidence anchors city-level distributions and certification targets.

Occupancy rate (certification check, occupied ÷ total units); tenure-mix direction (certification check, rental vs. owner share).

Tenure mix, occupancy, dwelling types and housing lifecycle patterns are calibrated to cited city evidence and release-level realism checks. Exact assignment weights and transition parameters remain controlled.

Individual synthetic assignments are generated under controlled domain rules. Exact sampling, assignment order and parameterization are not published.

View Housing Generation Methodology →

Per-ward calibration inputs, Nairobi.

Real, dated policy events that shift certification check modeling year by year.

Structural (H01–H16) and realism (certification check–R05) batteries run live in Nairobi.

Open Housing Source Catalogue →

Nairobi's generated housing stock remains materially smaller than its population scale would imply. The resulting per-capita unit ratio is a known calibration gap (certification check), disclosed here rather than hidden behind the occupancy metric.

Kenya's own HousingTypeCatalog carries eight real Kenyan dwelling-form terms (Bungalow, Maisonette, Apartment, Bedsitter, Single Room, Townhouse, Mansionette, Informal Structure) — but Kenya's model deliberately leaves every HousingUnit field NULL. H11 correctly reports N/A rather than a false PASS or FAIL.

Health's TB risk coupling reads HousingUnit against household size directly — there is no separate, named "crowding index" field or certified band. CROWDING INDEX — NOT YET MODELED as its own metric, disclosed rather than invented.

Housing chronology and linkage reconciliation are validated before release. The public site reports certification outcomes rather than the internal repair sequence or scheduling mechanism.

Kenya's historical housing index is perturbed by three real, dated, named events (Rent Restriction Act 1959, the Affordable Housing Programme/Big Four Agenda 2017, the Housing Levy 2023–2024).

Open tenancy records belonging to households with no surviving members were found on both City Twins. The existing cleanup routine has been wired into the standard generation workflow so it now runs on every cycle, rather than requiring a manual step.

No synthetic housing unit corresponds to a real address, building or property. Every unit, tenancy and inspection on this page is statistically generated, not drawn from any real land or property registry.

View All Housing Limitations →

Nairobi's EstateType conflates structural form and development character, weighted by ward-type context (certification check) — CBD wards skew MIXED-USE/HIGH-RISE, high-density wards skew INFORMAL-UPGRADE, low-density wards skew GATED.

FCTE represents formal and informal housing separately where city evidence supports it. Informal-housing propensity varies by area-level planning, density and informality context rather than using one flat citywide constant. A shared formality classification keeps downstream analyses consistent. Exact calibration weights, bounds and transformations are intentionally not published.

Structural certification passes fully in Nairobi. Realism certification passes 4 of 5 checks — the fifth is a real, disclosed WARN, not hidden.

Open Housing Realism Report →

The full H01–H16 structural battery plus the 5-check certification check–R05 realism battery run live against Nairobi release. Kenya legitimately marks H11 (HousingType diversity) N/A rather than forcing a false PASS — disclosed, not hidden. A large-scale chronology defect (H14, tenancies starting before their own housing unit existed) was found, investigated and fixed live 2026-08-06 — see the Temporal Integrity Audit for the full writeup. H16 (below) remains open.

16 structural checks (H01–H16) run live in Nairobi: 16/16 PASS.

Explore Every Housing Check →

• H03 — local rent-payment amount all > 0: 0 violations, Nairobi
• H08 — every ward with a citizen has ≥1 housing unit: PASS, Nairobi

• H09 — AffordableHousingProject unit-count ordering (Occupied ≤ Allocated ≤ Target): 0 violations
• H11 — HousingType diversity: N/A on Kenya (deliberately left unpopulated)

• H04 — tenancy start date within [SeedEpoch, NowDate]: 0 violations
• Chronology — unit, tenancy, inspection and payment ordering: 0 violations
• H06 — eviction-notice date ≥ tenancy start date: 0 violations

• certification check — tenure-mix direction: PASS, Nairobi (KNBS-cited)
• certification check / R04 — eviction rate & inspection-outcome diversity: PASS, Nairobi

Formed by one of the seven Household Lifecycle mechanisms — Housing waits for it, doesn't create it.

A housing occupancy relationship opens in the same area, carrying tenure and rent context through time.

The household's own composition changes; Housing reacts only when the household itself dissolves.

Multiple Tenancy rows per unit stay queryable, ordering enforced by reconciliation processes and H14.

Available as Standalone Domain · Multi-Domain Bundle · Full City Twin™