Housing.
Explore housing, tenancy and rent over time.

FCTE models housing as the relationship between households , dwellings and place — connecting synthetic citizens to the homes they occupy, and preserving how that relationship changes through time. A household isn't generated once and left in one house forever: Tenancy rows open and close, rent gets paid and sometimes missed, inspections pass or fail, and — where the household itself dissolves — the housing record closes out too.

Housing type, tenure, occupancy and applicable residential conditions exist inside the same City Twin™ as households , land and construction — graduated to the shared engine Core on 2026-07-17, the sixth domain to graduate after demographics, health, land, hr and construction.

Lagos City Twin™ · 1940–2026

Representative synthetic rows from the public housing model — categories and value bands illustrate the release without publishing the internal data structures. Explore the release-backed analysis-ready examples in City Twin™ for current data.

Explore Housing Data →

Connections follow the published domain scope. Optional, contextual and planned relationships retain their stated limits below.

FCTE Housing represents the dwelling a household occupies, under what tenure, in what condition, and how that relationship changes through time — one longitudinal tenancy span rather than one static address per household.

Synthetic housing-unit context represents dwelling form, location, capacity and construction-era attributes without publishing physical field layouts.

Two deliberately separate analytical axes distinguish housing form from estate/structural character.

Occupancy and tenure connect households to housing units through time across rental, owner, family, social, cooperative and tenant-purchase contexts.

Inspection context represents structural, fire, sanitation, electrical, planning and routine checks with governed outcomes and a risk signal.

historical housing index perturbs generation against documented Lagos certification check and market events; Eviction and RentPayment preserve chronology across repair passes.

Housing can be analyzed alongside Construction and Land through shared project, parcel and geography context. The physical key layout is controlled.

Synthetic by design: FCTE housing units and occupancy relationships do not represent the residences of real people. They are generated from real, cited housing, tenure and dwelling-form evidence — not sampled from any real property register.

Households, Housing, Land and Construction are four separate real questions about the same physical place — not four names for the same table. A dwelling can change tenant, tenure or condition without its parcel or its construction history ever changing.

Household 1013851, Lagos. A real, published Tenancy row on HousingUnitId 15125, RENTAL, KES 229,899/mo, open since 2018-08-01 with no end date.

A new Household row is created by one of the seven Household Lifecycle mechanisms — Housing has no formation logic of its own; it waits for a household to exist.

Her only Tenancy row to date — real, still open, on the same HousingUnitId since 2018.

Explore a Real Housing Record →

Post-generation integrity processes reconcile housing links, overlaps and chronology. Certification verifies the outcomes; exact repair sequence, matching rules and transaction logic are controlled.

Published housing, tenure, occupancy and dwelling-stock evidence anchors city-level distributions and certification targets.

Occupancy rate (certification check, occupied ÷ total units); tenure-mix direction (certification check, rental vs. owner share).

Tenure mix, occupancy, dwelling types and housing lifecycle patterns are calibrated to cited city evidence and release-level realism checks. Exact assignment weights and transition parameters remain controlled.

Individual synthetic assignments are generated under controlled domain rules. Exact sampling, assignment order and parameterization are not published.

View Housing Generation Methodology →

Realism reference for certification check and Lagos's DRF calibration pack.

Per-ward calibration inputs, Lagos.

Structural (H01–H16) and realism (certification check–R05) batteries run live in Lagos.

Open Housing Source Catalogue →

confirmed in the published source: Lagos has far fewer generated HousingUnit rows than its population scale would imply. This under-supply is the direct cause of the occupancy warning: every generated unit is occupied because the current unit stock is too small, not because the model is claiming zero real-world vacancy.

H11 correctly reports N/A rather than a false PASS or FAIL.

Health's TB risk coupling reads HousingUnit against household size directly — there is no separate, named "crowding index" field or certified band. CROWDING INDEX — NOT YET MODELED as its own metric, disclosed rather than invented.

Housing chronology and linkage reconciliation are validated before release. The public site reports certification outcomes rather than the internal repair sequence or scheduling mechanism.

Lagos's historical housing index uses the same shared mechanism and still perturbs correctly — it just doesn't yet have equivalent Lagos-specific named certification check anchor events researched and populated.

Earlier Lagos housing counts understated the scale of housing relative to the population. Updated estimates use population and an external Lagos housing-market benchmark. The revised counts are not yet available throughout this release.

Open tenancy records belonging to households with no surviving members were found on both City Twins. The existing cleanup routine has been wired into the standard generation workflow so it now runs on every cycle, rather than requiring a manual step.

No synthetic housing unit corresponds to a real address, building or property. Every unit, tenancy and inspection on this page is statistically generated, not drawn from any real land or property registry.

View All Housing Limitations →

Lagos keeps dwelling form separate from settlement/formality context so analyses do not collapse two different housing concepts into one label. Exact fields are controlled.

Real, cited calibration bands from the Lagos LASG Housing/Land Bureau data-realism pack (internal release rule) — not invented percentages.

FCTE represents formal and informal housing separately where city evidence supports it. Informal-housing propensity varies by area-level planning, density and informality context rather than using one flat citywide constant. A shared formality classification keeps downstream analyses consistent. Exact calibration weights, bounds and transformations are intentionally not published.

Structural certification passes fully in Lagos. Realism certification passes 4 of 5 checks — the fifth is a real, disclosed WARN, not hidden.

Open Housing Realism Report →

The full H01–H16 structural battery plus the 5-check certification check–R05 realism battery run live against Lagos release. A large-scale chronology defect (H14, tenancies starting before their own housing unit existed) was found, investigated and fixed live 2026-08-06 — see the Temporal Integrity Audit for the full writeup. H16 (below) remains open.

16 structural checks (H01–H16) run live in Lagos: 16/16 PASS. A separate 5-check realism suite (certification check–R05) passes 4/5, with 1 disclosed WARN traced to a real, unfixed HousingUnit scale gap on Lagos.

Explore Every Housing Check →

• H03 — local rent-payment amount all > 0: 0 violations, Lagos
• H15 — inspection reference all valid catalog values (certification check, closes a real Nigeria directly linked bug): 0 violations
• H08 — every ward with a citizen has ≥1 housing unit: PASS, Lagos

• H09 — AffordableHousingProject unit-count ordering (Occupied ≤ Allocated ≤ Target): 0 violations

• H04 — tenancy start date within [SeedEpoch, NowDate]: 0 violations
• Chronology — unit, tenancy, inspection and payment ordering: 0 violations
• H06 — eviction-notice date ≥ tenancy start date: 0 violations

• certification check — tenure-mix direction: PASS, Lagos (city/national evidence cited)
• certification check / R04 — eviction rate & inspection-outcome diversity: PASS, Lagos
• certification check — no open Tenancy for an all-deceased household: 0 rows, Lagos

Formed by one of the seven Household Lifecycle mechanisms — Housing waits for it, doesn't create it.

A housing occupancy relationship opens in the same area, carrying tenure and rent context through time.

The household's own composition changes; Housing reacts only when the household itself dissolves.

Multiple Tenancy rows per unit stay queryable, ordering enforced by reconciliation processes and H14.

Available as Standalone Domain · Multi-Domain Bundle · Full City Twin™